Kråkerøy is an island and a former municipality in Østfold county, Norway.
The island of Kråkerøy was separated from Glemmen as a municipality of its own January 1, 1908. At that time Kråkerøy had a population of 3,311. The rural municipality was (together with Borge, Onsøy and Rolvsøy) merged with the city of Fredrikstad January 1, 1994. Prior to the merger Kråkerøy had a population of 7,445.
In 1948 Kråkerøy was the site of the Kråkerøy speech by then Prime Minister Einar Gerhardsen, which became an important part of Norwegian political history.

In macroeconomics, a Recession is a decline in any country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), or negative real economic growth, for two or more successive quarters of a year. However, this definition is not universally accepted. The American National Bureau of Economic Research defines a recession more ambiguously as "a significant decline in economic activity spread across the economy, lasting more than a few months." A recession may involve simultaneous declines in coincident measures of overall economic activity such as employment, investment, and corporate profits. Recessions may be associated with falling prices (deflation), or, alternatively, sharply rising prices (inflation) in a process known as stagflation. A severe or long recession is referred to as an economic depression. A devastating breakdown of an economy is called economic collapse. Newspaper columnist Sidney J. Harris amusingly distinguished terms this way: a recession is when you lose your job; a depression is when I lose mine.
Market-oriented economies are characterized by economic cycles, but actual recessions (declines in economic activity) do not always result. There is much debate as to whether government intervention smoothes the cycle (see Keynesianism), exaggerates it (see Real business cycle theory), or even creates it (see monetarism).

Causes of recessions
The precise causes of recession are the subject of fierce debate among academics and policy makers although most would agree that recessions are caused by some combination of endogenous cyclical forces and exogenous shocks. For example, Keynesian economists and Real business cycle theorists would all disagree about the precise cause of the business cycle breakdown, but most would agree that purely exogenous factors like the price of oil, weather conditions, or a war could by themselves cause a temporary recession, or, conversely, short term economic growth. Keynes himself, however, pointed out that when interest rates get too little -- below about 2% -- then people no longer have an incentive to save, preferring to hold money for what he called transactions demands. If there are no savings, banks get no money with which to make loans, and it is this drying up of savings -- and loans -- that caused the regular business cycle to break down, according to Keynes. Austrian school economists hold that it is an inflation of the money supply that causes modern recessions and that recessions are positive forces in-so-much that they are the market's natural mechanism of undoing the misallocation of resources present during the boom or inflationary phase. Most monetarists believe that the cause of most recessions in the United States is this mishandling of the money supply, while an extreme change in the structure of the economy are responsible for very few.

Astrakhan Oblast (Russian: Астраха́нская о́бласть, Astrakhanskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast).

Geography
Astrakhan Oblast is located in the Moscow Time Zone (MSK/MSD). UTC offset is +0300 (MSK)/+0400 (MSD).

Administrative divisions
Population: 1,005,276 (2002 Census); 998,114 (1989 Census)
Ethnic groups: According to the 2002 Census the 'national composition' was • Russian 69.69% • Kazakh 14.21% • Tatar 7.02% • Ukrainian 1.25% • Chechen 1.00% • Azeri 0.82% • Kalmyk 0.71% • Armenian 0.63% • Nogay 0.45% • Roma 0.43% • Avar 0.42% • Lezgin 0.36% • Dargin 0.35% • Belarusians 0.26% • Turkmen 0.21% • Korean 0.21% • Astrakhan Tatar 0.20% • German 0.14% • Kumyks 0.14% • Georgian 0.12% • Chuvash 0.12% • Turkish 0.11% • Uzbek 0.10% • Jewish 0.10% • Mordvin 0.09% • Tabasaran 0.08% • with many other groups of less than eight hundred persons each. • An additional 0.29% of residents declined to state their nationality or ethnocultural identity on the census questionnaire.

History

Khazars
Saqsin
Kimeks
Nogays
Astrakhan Khanate
Kalmyks
Music of Astrakhan

Kelso United F.C. is a senior football club based in Kelso, currently playing in the East of Scotland Football League.
Founded in around 1924, they play their home matches at Woodside Park on Dry House Lane. The first league the club played in was the Border Junior League. Their first notable success at this level was winning the Dudley Cup in 1935. The next season United joined the Berwickshire FA, despite being based in Roxburghshire. Season 1937-38 was very successful for the club, as the Conan Doyle Cup, the Dudley Cup and the league Championship Shield were all added to the Honours list.
Although no one from Kelso at that time became an internationalist, many went to bigger, professional clubs.
After the war Kelso United reformed and entered a 2nd XI into the Kelso and District League, while the main team played in the Border Amateur league. In 1957-58 the club lifted the South of Scotland Cup East section, but lost the overall final to West section winners Broughton.
Season 1959/60 was another good year with the Border Cup and the Acrum 5-a-side competition being annexed.
In the mid-sixties after a massive gap of 29 years, United were once again Border Amateur League champions. Big decisions were made leading up to 1967-68, one was that the first team would join the East of Scotland League and that the second team which had disappeared, would reform and take the first teams place in the Border League. This was a successful move as the United team were League and King Cup runners-up. In 1971 the club decided to work more on bringing in local players, but this was not sustainable and they left the East of Scotland League. However, back in the Amateur League the club flourished, conquering the Beveridge Cup as well as the South of Scotland Cup. In 1974 they won the Border Cup.
By 1974-75 the club felt ready to rejoin the East of Scotland League, and in 1980 won their biggest cup yet, the King Cup. Since then the club have held their own in the league, reaching the final of the Image Printers Cup in the mid-nineties as well as getting promoted to the Premier league in 2004, although they were relegated at the end of season 2005-06
Under the current regime, many talented youngsters are being brought up through the age groups to play alongside the more experienced players. With this sort of development, Kelso Thistle will be hoping for a swift return to the Premier League.
Annan Athletic | Civil Service Strollers | Craigroyston | Easthouses Lily | Edinburgh City | Edinburgh University | Heriot-Watt University | Lothian Thistle | Preston Athletic | Selkirk | Spartans | Whitehill Welfare
Coldstream | Dalbeattie Star | Edinburgh Athletic | Eyemouth United | Gala Fairydean | Hawick Royal Albert | Kelso United | Ormiston | Peebles Rovers | Tynecastle | Vale of Leithen

The sidereal year is the time taken for the Sun to return to the same position with respect to the stars of the celestial sphere. It is the orbital period of Earth, equal to 365.25636042 mean solar days (31,558,149.540 seconds), that is 366.25636042 earth rotations or sidereal days. (A true cycle will always compare two objects that differ mathematically by exactly 1). The sidereal year is 20 minutes and 24 seconds longer than the tropical year.
The Sun and the stars cannot be seen at the same time; if one looks every dawn at the eastern sky, the last stars seen appearing are not always the same. In a week or two an upward shift can be noted. As an example, in July in the Northern Hemisphere, Orion cannot be seen in the dawn sky, but in August it becomes visible. In a year, all the constellations rotate through the entire sky.
If one looks regularly at the sky before dawn, this motion is much more noticeable and easier to measure than the north/south shift of the sunrise point in the horizon, which defines the tropical year on which the Gregorian calendar is based. This is the reason many cultures started their year on the first day a particular special star, (Sirius, for instance), could be seen in the East at dawn. In Hesiod's Works and Days, the times of the year for sowing, harvest, and so on are given by reference to the first visibility of stars.
Up to the time of Hipparchus, the years measured by the stars were thought to be exactly as long as the tropical years. In fact, sidereal years are very slightly longer than tropical years. The difference is caused by the precession of the equinoxes. One sidereal year is roughly equal to 1 + 1/26000 or 1.000039 tropical years.

Overview
Creator, Greg Garcia wrote the pilot while working on another sitcom, Yes, Dear. He initially pitched the series to Fox, which passed on the series. He then approached NBC which optioned the pilot on a cast-contingent basis, meaning they would order the pilot provided a suitable cast could be assembled.
The pilot episode featured the songs "It Takes Two" by Rob Base and DJ E-Z Rock, "99 Luftballons" by Nena, "Been Caught Stealing" by Jane's Addiction, as well as "Do The Monkey" by The Wiggles.
Jason Lee was approached for the lead role, but was uninterested in working in television and passed on the series twice before finally agreeing to read the pilot script. Though he liked the pilot, he was hesitant to commit until after meeting with Garcia.

Conception
The series premiere on September 20, 2005, drew in 15.2 million viewers in the United States, earning a 6.6 rating. By the airing of the third episode it was apparent that My Name Is Earl was the most popular of NBC's new fall offerings, and a full season (22 episodes) was ordered. In its first month, it was also the most popular new sitcom of the season to air on any network and was the most popular sitcom on any network in the coveted 18–49-year-old demographic. The show was renewed for a second season, which although has seen a dip in average viewers (around 10 million or so in Season 2 compared to 12 million for Season 1) is still a critics' juggernaut and has recently been renewed for another season.
Season 1 #40 (10.9) Tuesdays at 9:00 (September-December 2005) Thursdays at 9:00 (January-May 2006)
Season 2 #58 (8.9) Thursdays at 8:00

Ratings

Characters

Earl J. Hickey (Jason Lee) — The protagonist and narrator of the show. In flashbacks, we see Earl before he began reforming himself: a jobless ne'er-do-well with no respect for authority or just about anyone. Self-described as the guy who would've stolen anything that wasn't nailed down, Earl now stands by the principle of good karma by doing good things and avoiding bad ones. He was supposed to be named after his father, Carl, but an extra loop on a cursive "C" was Earl's first step into a life of misfortune. Earl has never had a photograph taken without blinking at the wrong moment, something regularly demonstrated throughout the show.
Randy Hickey (Ethan Suplee) — Earl's dim-witted brother who assists Earl with righting his wrongs. He initially assumed he and Earl would resume stealing once Earl completed his list. Despite his poor intellect, he often says profound things and has proven to be extremely helpful to Earl in his missions, though he is sometimes resentful when Earl's list forces him to make sacrifices. He has a boyishly innocent nature. He has a schoolboy crush on Catalina. It is also revealed that he has an extreme fear of birds; he is afraid of the pope's mitre because he thinks there might be a chicken under it. He mistakenly believes that ET is not an alien, but a monkey. Squeaky noises make his toes hurt. He hates cats and is allergic to them. He holds the Camden County record for staring at the sun.
Joy Turner (née Darville, previously Hickey) (Jaime Pressly) — Earl's ex-wife, Darnell's current wife, and mother of Dodge and Earl Jr., neither of whom are Earl's biological children. She operates a nail parlor in her home. Though she puts on a front of self-centeredness, she fully appreciates the people around her, even Earl, and has been found to be a dedicated, loving mom. She is also a very good fighter, a fact she puts down to "watchin' a lot of Springer" — when she was pregnant with Dodge, Joy knocked Earl's girlfriend Jessie (and her front teeth) out.
Catalina Aruca Hickey (Nadine Velazquez) — A maid at the motel where Earl and Randy currently reside. She is an illegal immigrant who entered the United States on January 1, 2000 (just as Earl and the gang assumed they were the last humans alive). She learned English a year ago. She worked for a month as a pole dancer at Club Chubby and was very successful at it because instead of dancing, she jumped. She has a fear of snakes and rape. Her mother is dead but Catalina tells others not to feel sad, as "It's OK, it was either her or me." She also says her brother killed her father, her father was shot down and her cousins were slain execution style in the Festival of Redemption. She and Joy have a mutual hatred stemming back from when they first met. (The first thing Joy ever said to Catalina was "who's the whore?"). During Season 2, Catalina went back to stripping in order to help Earl, although she had to help Joy along the way. She seems to be very fond of Earl, even hitting on him when they first met. Earl appreciated but rejected the pass because Randy called "dibs." Her last name, Aruca, hasn't been mentioned on the show but was revealed in a newspaper article in Bad Karma. She recently married Randy to get back to America after being deported. While she originally found Randy to be unattractive, she later became infatuated with him after they had fantastic sex, and, in somewhat of a role-reversal, Randy now reffers to them being together as just "a greencard marriage".
Darnell "Crab Man" Turner (Eddie Steeples) — Joy's new husband and father of Earl Jr. Despite this, he and Earl are good friends (although they rarely do anything together, they greet each other every episode with the famous lines: "Hey, Earl!" ... "Hey, Crabman!"). Darnell works as a cook at the local Crab Shack (hence his nickname). It was revealed that his real name is "Harry Monroe," (a reference to Richard Pryor's character in Stir Crazy who is also named Harry Munroe) but he was forced to change it through the Witness Protection Program. Although generally calm and soft-spoken, Darnell is implied to be very intelligent (graduated college at age 14) and occasionally makes highly intellectual statements, which the others usually ignore or brush off. He has a fondness for cheese and a pet box turtle named Mr. Turtle. Before marrying Joy and moving to the trailer park, he lived in Camden with his grandmother, where he grew a large amount of marijuana in his bedroom; his grandmother didn't know what the plants were and simply thought he enjoyed gardening. Main characters

Main article: List of minor characters on My Name Is Earl Recurring characters
For a complete version of The List, see Earl's list
While hospitalized and under the influence of morphine, Earl hears Carson Daly talk about karma on TV and comes to the conclusion that his bad luck has been caused by his lifestyle. (It is typical of Earl that he believes Carson Daly invented the concept of karma.) He decides to make a list of everything bad he has ever done, with the intention of making up for all of his mistakes and crossing the items off the list as he goes.
Earl's first good deed, picking up garbage, leads to him finding his lost winning lottery ticket.
Karma is a recurring theme throughout the show, and its effects are shown not just on Earl, but also on other characters, such as Earl's ex-con friend Ralph, who ends up wanted by the police again after refusing Earl's offer to help him change his ways and trying to steal Earl's money.
In some instances, Karma exists not only as a theme, but also a character that dictates Earl's actions. Earl will occasionally address Karma directly as if it were a deity or an otherwise omniscient and powerful being, and will (almost) always yield to whatever he perceives as its will. Earl proclaims in one episode, "I am Karma's bitch." The List is portrayed as the physical manifestation of Karma. Karma is also portrayed in the final episode of the first season as the old woman who ran Earl over in the first episode ("I saw Lady Karma again")
Earl's behavior raises an interesting question of morality: Is he motivated only by his desire to gain good 'karma', thus acting only in his own self-interest, or is he truly sorry for everything he has done, and has turned his life around? The show is somewhat ambiguous on this matter, with different episodes suggesting different answers, and some implying that it could be both. For example, in episode 1.04 Earl intends to confess to his ex-girlfriend that he faked his death to get away from her because she was too clingy. When Catalina points out that this will hurt her feelings and asks him what's more important, his list or someone's feelings, Earl responds, "I dunno. My list?" On the other hand, Earl shows true empathy in episode 2.02 when Joy is arrested. He eventually passes out from worrying about Joy. When he asks Catalina why that happened, she responds, "Because you're a good person, Earl."
In a number of episodes, Earl will not cross something off if he isn't sure that he has solved all the problems that his actions caused. For example, in episode 1.15, Earl states that while he has crossed someone off his list, when he discovers that the person is going to kill himself, that he can't not help him. Earl even says that the list is making him feel things he didn't feel before. It's been suggested that while Earl may have started the list for his own ends, he has eventually come to genuinely care about righting many of the wrongs in his life.

The List
The state in which the show takes place is never mentioned, but according to the creator, Gregory Thomas Garcia, the show takes place in the fictional town of Camden County (not to be confused with the actual Camden Counties in New Jersey, Missouri, Georgia, and North Carolina). Creator Garcia said that the town is named after his son.
The references to Maryland locations (such as Hagerstown, Cumberland, Shady Grove, and Frostburg State University) are due to his familiarity with an area he hails from and that "the show doesn't technically take place anywhere ... we like to think it's anywhere. We don't really say exactly where it is." The pilot episode showed that Earl and Joy drove from Camden County to Las Vegas, Nevada within a single night, suggesting a location in the American Southwest.
The street scenes seen in most episodes are shot on Woodley Avenue in Van Nuys, CA, next to the Sepulveda Dam Recreation Area. Joy's wedding and the Win a Dodge Neon contest ("White Lie Christmas") take place at the Recreation Area. The exterior hotel shots are filmed at the Palm Tree Inn in North Hills, California. And the set for the trailer park where Joy and Darnell live is situated in a vacant lot on Louse Ave. and Roscoe next to a church in Van Nuys, California. The church itself appeared in an episode as the orphanage Joy visits in "Broke Joy's Fancy Figurine" (1.6). The scenes involving the ransom drop in the episode "Buried Treasure" were filmed on High Street in Moorpark, California. The exterior of the convenience store where Earl bought the lottery ticket and the street where he was hit by the car in the first episode (with the car wash in the background) are in Beaumont, CA.

Setting and shooting locations

Main article: List of My Name Is Earl episodes Episodes
Season Releases
Season 1 DVD Set
The season one "mini-episode", titled Bad Karma, is an alternate version of the events of the pilot episode featuring what would have happened if, instead of seeing Carson Daly talking about karma while in the hospital, Earl saw Stewie Griffin of Family Guy talking about vengeance.
The season one DVD set also came in two "special" versions only available at certain stores:
Season 2 DVD Set

At Best Buy locations the set came wrapped in a cosy replica of Earl's flannel shirt and contained a limited-edition bonus CD with three songs, including the show's theme song. There were at least two variations of the material used for this flannel replica as well as two types of buttons. Pictures of these bonus items can be seen here.
The DVD set at Target stores featured a limited-edition bonus DVD with extra bloopers and other bonus features.
A limited edition Season 2 DVD set at Target and Best Buy contain a scratch and sniff card for use with the viewing of the "Get a Real Job" episode. DVD releases
The show is unusual among sitcoms not only for its lack of a laugh track, but also for its soundtrack. The music on the show includes bands as widely varied as Queen, Rush, Metallica, Thin Lizzy, The Band, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Blue Öyster Cult, Black Rebel Motorcycle Club, Buckethead, The Who, Lynyrd Skynyrd, MC Young, Jerry Reed, The Steepwater Band, Nick Drake, Eric Clapton, Guns N' Roses, Crosby, Stills, Nash, & Young, The Cardigans, Nancy Sinatra, Cyndi Lauper, AC/DC, Jet, Cat Stevens, Ted Nugent, Santana, The Dillinger Escape Plan, The Ozark Mountain Daredevils,The Doors, The Wiggles, Dire Straits, Canned Heat, Bob Marley, ELO, Joni Mitchell, Los Lobos, Social Distortion,The Ramones, Jet and Beastie Boys, as well as a blues underscore by composers Mark Leggett and Danny Lux. A lot of the soundtrack was replaced with generic background music in the DVD, likely for copyright reasons. A often featured song in the series is Hair of the Dog by Nazareth.

Soundtrack
Jason Lee and Ethan Suplee both got their start and co-starred in four Kevin Smith films: Mallrats, Chasing Amy, Dogma and Clerks II. My Name Is Earl has contained several references to the "View Askewniverse" (the universe in which most of Smith's films take place):

Earl claimed to have robbed a "Quick Stop" - a convenience store which was the main location of Smith's films Clerks and the sequel Clerks 2. Lee and Suplee both had appearances in Clerks 2.
Whenever Earl wakes up Randy, the first thing that Randy says in his half-awakeness is "poopie trim" — in Mallrats, when Ethan Suplee's character, Willam Black, is interrupted from trying to see the hidden image in a Magic Eye, he says, "poopie trim." The same is uttered by Chris Rock when he is asleep on the train in Dogma.
When Randy first takes the GED, he fills in the bubbles to make a picture of a sailboat. The hidden image of the Magic Eye picture he was trying to see in Mallrats was of a sailboat.
In "O Karma, Where Art Thou?" Earl refers to a roll of toilet paper as "the soft stuff", which is one of the old mans requests before he enters the bathroom in "Clerks".
In "White Lie Christmas," Randy says that his favorite-ever Christmas present was "Weeble-wobbles." Weebles were the gift that Randal asked for when Santa was demonstrating his toy making machine located in the Apartment beside the video store in "Clerks: The Holiday Special" comic book. Kevin Smith connections and allusions

Easter eggs
During its first season, My Name Is Earl was aired in HD, where fourth-wall breaking signs were seen, out of frame in standard-definition. The second season was broadcast in letterbox format on standard-definition channels, so further widescreen gags are unlikely. These signs were also fully visible on the DVD set.

In "Randy's Touchdown" (1.3), when Earl is in the copy store, Randy is in the background holding a handwritten sign that reads "High Def Rocks." The sign can only be seen when the show is viewed in 16x9 widescreen associated with high definition digital broadcasts.
Another sign legible only in widescreen reading "Carl Hickey loves High Def" can be seen among the campaign materials in "Cost Dad an Election" (1.9). However, the sign is still only half visible in widescreen.
In "Something to Live For" (1.15), when Earl brings Philo to the Crab Shack to see Joy, the beer spigot (out of frame in 4:3) says "HD Draft". Spanish language easter eggs

Nominated for 2006 Golden Globe for Best Television Series - Musical or Comedy.
Jason Lee nominated for 2006 Golden Globe for Best Actor in a Television Series - Musical or Comedy.
Jason Lee nominated for 2005/06 Screen Actors Guild award for best actor in a comedy series.
Cast nominated for 2005/06 Screen Actors Guild award for best ensemble in a comedy series.
Jaime Pressly nominated for a 2005/06 Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series.
Marc Buckland won the 2005/06 Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series (episode: Pilot).
Gregory Thomas Garcia won the 2005/06 Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series (episode: Pilot).
Jason Lee nominated for 2007 Kid's Choice Award for Best Actor.
Nominated for 2007 BAFTA TV Awards for International Programme of the Year [3].
Jaime Pressly won the 2006/2007 Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series.

Digital terrestrial television in the United Kingdom is made up of over fifty primarily free-to-air television channels (including all the national analogue stations) and over twenty radio channels from Freeview, Top Up TV and Setanta Sports. It is intended that digital terrestrial television will completely replace analogue terrestrial television in the United Kingdom by 2012.

Receiving digital terrestrial television in the UK
Digital terrestrial television provides many more channels than analogue television. For many viewers it offers a higher-quality picture (with many channels broadcasting in 16:9 anamorphic widescreen). A number of interactive services, including a newer version of Teletext, are also offered.
An eight-day electronic programme guide (EPG) allows viewers to see the names, descriptions and broadcast times for programmes. As this was not an original feature of digital terrestrial television (it was introduced in 2004), some receivers feature an EPG with details of the current and next programme only.
A third-party proprietary 14-day EPG is also provided by a company called 4TV, who formerly carried a 7-day service when only now and next data was normal. This is only available on boxes which support their format and pay a licence fee, generally resulting in more expensive boxes. The service is carried on Multiplex D, meaning that not all viewers can even receive the data.

Features

History
Digital terrestrial television launched in the UK on 15 November 1998 (just after digital satellite television on 1 October 1998). The technology required that the UK government license the broadcast of channels in six groups, or multiplex (usually abbreviated to 'mux') labelled 1, 2, A, B, C, and D.

Development and launch

Main article: ITV Digital ITV Digital

Main article: Freeview Freeview

Main article: Top Up TV Top Up TV
Unless noted otherwise, channels may broadcast twenty-four hours a day (though not all use all of this available time).

List of digital terrestrial channels

Logical Channel Number
ITV1 is the brand name for 12 of the 15 regional ITV Network franchises for England, Wales, southern Scotland, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands. Each of these 12 franchises has a separate brand name used prior to local programming, see ITV1. STV is the brand name for the franchises for central and northern Scotland. UTV operates the franchise for Northern Ireland. All 15 franchises broadcast 0925-0600; GMTV operates the franchise for national breakfast television and broadcasts 0600-0925.
Five, S4C and S4C2 will move to a public service multiplex at the start of digital switchover, using the bandwidth created by switching from 16QAM to 64QAM mode, so will be transmitted from all 1,154 UK transmitters. Multiplexes A, C and D will only be transmitted from the current 80 transmitters after switchover but with higher powered signals (and in 64QAM mode). Television channels

Text and interactive services

Radio stations

The multiplexes
Operated by the BBC; broadcasts nationwide in 16QAM mode at 18 megabits/second

TV: BBC One (regional variation), BBC Two (national variation), BBC Three, CBBC Channel, BBC News 24
Radio: BBC Radio Wales (Wales only), BBC Radio Scotland (Scotland only), BBC Radio Ulster (Northern Ireland only), BBC Radio Cymru (Wales only), BBC Radio nan Gàidheal (Scotland only), BBC Radio Foyle (Northern Ireland Only)
Text/Interactive: BBCi, Multiplex 1
Operated by Digital 3&4 (an ITV/Channel 4 consortium); broadcasts nationwide in 64QAM mode at 24 megabits/second

TV: ITV (regional service), Channel 4, ITV2, ITV3, More4, E4, ITV4, Film4+1, CITV
Radio: U105 (Northern Ireland only), Heart (except Scotland), Radio Music Shop (except Scotland)
Text/Interactive: Teletext, Teletext Holidays (Wales only), Teletext Cars, Teletext on 4 Multiplex 2
Operated by SDN (owned by ITV plc); broadcasts nationwide in 64QAM mode at 24 megabits/second

TV: S4C Digidol (Wales only), Five, TeleG (Scotland only), ABC1 (except Wales), QVC, UKTV Gold*, bid tv, price-drop tv, Thomas Cook TV, UKTV Style*, British Eurosport*, Five US, Five Life, Top Up Anytime 1*, Top Up Anytime 2*, Top Up Anytime 3*, S4C2 (Wales only), Teachers' TV, Television X*, Setanta Sports 1*
Radio: BBC Radio 1, BBC Radio 2, BBC Radio 3, BBC Radio 4, Mojo (except Wales), Heat (except Wales)
Text/Interactive: Teletext Holidays (except Wales), Teletext Games Multiplex A
Operated by the BBC; broadcasts nationwide in 16QAM mode at 18 megabits/second

TV: BBC Four, CBeebies, BBC Parliament, Community Channel
Radio: BBC 1Xtra, BBC Radio Five Live, BBC Five Live Sports Extra, BBC 6 Music, BBC 7, BBC Asian Network
Text/Interactive: BBCi (301, 302, 303, 305) Multiplex B
Operated by National Grid Wireless; broadcasts nationwide in 16QAM mode at 18 megabits/second

TV: Sky Three, UKTV History, E4+1, SmileTV, Sky News, Sky Sports News
Radio: talkSPORT, Clyde 1, Premier Christian Radio, Virgin Radio
Text/Interactive: Sky Text, TVTV Digital Multiplex C
Operated by National Grid Wireless; broadcasts nationwide in 16QAM mode at 18 megabits/second
* Pay TV service

TV: The Hits, UKTV Bright Ideas, Ftn, TMF, Ideal World, Film4, ITV2+1
Radio: BBC World Service, The Hits Radio, Smash Hits, Kiss 100, Magic 105.4, Q, Oneword, 102.2 Smooth FM, Kerrang!
Text/Interactive: 4TVInteractive Multiplex D
Some of these multiplexes carry a much larger number of services than others for various reasons. Firstly, a number of services share bandwidth on a timesharing basis — so some channels turn off when others are on (for example one will never see CBeebies and BBC Four on air at the same time, as they use the same space in Multiplex B, with CBeebies broadcasting from 6am until 7pm and BBC Four from 7pm onwards; the situation is the same for CBBC and BBC Three). In addition, some multiplexes have fewer channels so as to allocate more data to fewer services, thus ensuring higher quality (for example, BBC One on Multiplex 1 is carried as a 4.4 Megabit stream, while Sky Sports News typically uses 2 Megabits per second).
On top of this, the modulation of the multiplexes can be varied to squeeze higher digital bitrates out of the same portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. This comes at the cost of making it harder to get a good signal. There are three basic modulation schemes currently in use in the UK; in order of bandwidth efficiency, they are: QPSK (only used for tests in the Oxford and London areas), 16 QAM and 64 QAM, each with a progressively higher bitrate, at the cost of progressively higher likelihood of signal degradation. Currently multiplexes 2 and A use 64 QAM (and are consequently more prone to poor reception) while the other multiplexes all currently use 16 QAM.
Furthermore, multiplexes can make use of statistical multiplexing at the MPEG video coder whereby the bitrate allocated to a channel within the multiplex can vary dynamically depending on how difficult it is to code the picture content at that precise time, and how much demand there is for bandwidth from other channels. In this way, complex pictures with lots of detail may demand a higher bitrate at one instant and this can result in the bitrate allocated to another channel in the same multiplex being reduced if the second channel is currently transmitting pictures which are easier to code, with less fine detail. The only channel on the DTT system not to use statistical multiplexing, i.e. has a constant bit rate, is BBC One. This is so the English Regions and Nations can perform a simple transmultiplex, or T-Mux, operation and insert their local version of BBC One over the London feed straight into the existing BBC Multiplex 1 without having to re-code the entire multiplex at each regional centre, requiring specialist (and costly) equipment at several locations.

Use of multiplexing technology
Better implemented compression technology has provided for two additional television stations on the National Grid Wireless multiplex using the same bandwidth, with the possibility of more to follow on this and some other multiplexes.
This technique is only suitable for the multiplexes that are identical nationwide. On Multiplex 1 where BBC One is one of 15 regional versions, and BBC Two is one of four national variants (England, Scotland, NI and BBC 2W in Wales) it has proved harder to increase the number of channels carried Any such change would, however, render obsolete all existing receivers as new decoder set-top boxes or integrated digital televisions would be required, unless they are able to be reprogrammed for additional codecs which is widely not the case. BSkyB's proposals are pending approval by OfCom, where these issues are likely to be a consideration.
The BBC, who would like to broadcast high-definition television on at least some Freeview channels, is considering an alternative method utilising spare capacity at night to allow the download of high definition programmes for later replay. The use of alternative codecs for the sake of high-definition is likely to be less of an issue, due to the fact that new televisions are required to view such services, which could include any new standard that might be agreed. In addition the BBC's Research and Development team have invented a new transmission method for delivering twice the bandwidth that can currently be delivered via each DTT frequency. An explanation is that 2 signals are sent on the same frequency in slightly different directions and at slightly different times. However the "spatial multiplexing" requires new transmitters to be built and will need a new aerial and box.

New compression technology
For full list of dates, see Digital switchover dates in the United Kingdom.
The British Government has given Ofcom and Digital UK the joint task of switching off the analogue terrestrial signals. The switchoff will occur on an ITV sub-region basis.
¹ At the switchover it is planned that Caldbeck will broadcast both England and Scotland muliplexes to better serve viewers north of the border and Sandale will cease to broadcast TV.

Mobile Television services
Wireless broadband services
Wider coverage for advanced services in remote and rural areas
More multiplexes carrying more channels
High definition services